Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Glaucoma Risk

By Dr. Kevin -

A retrospective cohort study published in Translational Vision Science & Technology suggests that
omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may significantly lower the risk of developing glaucoma in individuals with dry eye disease.

Researchers analyzed data from 14,168 adult patients across a multinational database between 2013 and 2023. They compared a group prescribed omega-3 supplements against a matched control group over a five-year follow-up period.

Key Findings

Compared to the control group, patients who received omega-3 supplements experienced substantially lower risks across multiple conditions:

  • Total Glaucoma: Risk reduced by 52% (HR: 0.48)

  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Risk reduced by 55% (HR: 0.45)

  • Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG): Risk reduced by 59% (HR: 0.41)

  • Ocular Hypertension: Risk reduced by 43% (HR: 0.57)

  • Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG): Risk reduced by 55% (HR: 0.45)

  • First-Line Glaucoma Medication Use: Risk reduced by 35% (HR: 0.65)

Biological Mechanisms & Next Steps

The protective benefits remained consistent across various demographics, including women, individuals aged 60 or older, and Caucasian populations. Researchers highlight that omega-3s potentially decrease risk by:

  • Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP)

  • Enhancing blood flow to the eyes

  • Providing neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells

  • Mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress

Note: While these findings indicate that omega-3 intake could complement current preventative strategies, the authors emphasize that randomized controlled trials are still necessary to confirm direct causality and establish optimal dosages.

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