SMOKING, DRINKING, ESTROGEN, AND AMD

SOURCE: Fraser-Bell S, Wu J, Klein R, et al. Smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use, and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(1):79-87.
This study assessed the associations between smoking, alcohol intake and estrogen use and early and advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among Latinos.

CONCLUSION: Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, particularly beer, was associated with a greater risk of having advanced AMD; exogenous estrogen use appeared to have a weak protective effect in Latino participants.