According to this article in
Optometry Times:
Fingolimod is an agent was FDA approved to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). About .5% of patients taking fingolimod developed macular edema. It is dose dependent with all macular edema patients taking 1.25mg/day. This occurs because fingolimod increases vascular permeability.
Patients should undergo a baseline ophthalmic exam prior to initiation of fingolimod therapy, which includes a dilated fundus exam and amsler grid testing. patients should be warned to look for symptoms of macular edema. Follow-up is every 6 to 12 months. Treatment is successful with discontinuation of the drug and typical macular edema treatments.